# Bone, hormone, bowel and safety studies

> Oklahoma Functional Medicine research reading — The Oklahoma Functional Medicine reading list follows ipamorelin through rat bone growth, hormone timing, bowel recovery, ferret findings and safety reviews.

**Reading list**

I begin among the bone dimensions, where the practical tasks and uncomfortable findings can interrupt the hormone story.

## Bone measurements

The [bone mineral-content paper](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10828840/) supplies the opening question: in female rats, more mineral accompanied larger bone dimensions while cortical volumetric density was unchanged. The [longitudinal-growth paper](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10373343/) adds a graded growth response in adult female rats alongside unchanged circulating measurements. I read these together because the kinds of measurement matter to the conclusion.

## Hormone release and timing

The [selectivity characterization](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/) used rat pituitary cells, rats and swine. The [pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10496658/) moved to healthy male volunteers receiving intravenous infusions. The animal hormone profile and the human timing result each deserve the population and experimental setting that produced them.

## Eating, weight and adverse findings

The [rat ileus study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19289567/) provides the prokinetic rationale; the [randomized bowel-resection trial](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25331030/) supplies the unsuccessful human primary endpoint. The [ferret study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39043357/) separates weight preservation from vomiting. Those outcome pairs interrupt an overly comfortable claim about recovery.

The [rat toxicology paper](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25722321/) concerns a different ghrelin-receptor agonist. Its attribution is essential. The [athletic-performance review](https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0) and the [gerontology review](https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247) discuss human evidence and safety gaps, with the latter concentrating on aging.

## References

[1] The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10828840/
[2] Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10373343/
[3] Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/
[4] Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10496658/
[5] Efficacy of ipamorelin, a novel ghrelin mimetic, in a rodent model of postoperative ileus https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19289567/
[6] Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25331030/
[7] The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets: Anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39043357/
[8] Integrated approach to early detection of cardiovascular toxicity induced by a ghrelin receptor agonist https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25722321/
[9] Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0
[10] Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247

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At Oklahoma Functional Medicine, published research about bodily function satisfies my curiosity; this editorial site runs no business and supplies no medical advice.